{"id":249,"date":"2015-04-01T07:07:18","date_gmt":"2015-04-01T07:07:18","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/ltp.knihovna.cz\/?p=249"},"modified":"2015-04-01T07:07:18","modified_gmt":"2015-04-01T07:07:18","slug":"uvod-do-problematiky-dlouhodobe-ochrany-digitalnich-dokumentu-dil-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ltp.knihovna.cz\/?p=249","title":{"rendered":"\u00davod do problematiky dlouhodob\u00e9 ochrany digit\u00e1ln\u00edch dokument\u016f &#8211; d\u00edl 2."},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Jan Hrabal, Zden\u011bk Hru\u0161ka<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/ltp.knihovna.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/vod-do-problematiky-dlouhodob\u00e9-ochrany-digit\u00e1ln\u00edch-dokument\u016f-d\u00edl-2..pdf\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>\u010cl\u00e1nek v PDF<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Zat\u00edmco v prvn\u00edm d\u00edle na\u0161eho seri\u00e1lu jsme se v\u011bnovali d\u016fle\u017eitosti dlouhodob\u00e9 ochrany digit\u00e1ln\u00edch dokument\u016f, zm\u00ednili jsme st\u011b\u017eejn\u00ed dokument oboru (referen\u010dn\u00ed model OAIS) a nast\u00ednili vhodn\u00e1 \u00falo\u017en\u00e1 m\u00e9dia a strategie dlouhodob\u00e9 ochrany, dnes n\u00e1s \u010dek\u00e1 podrobn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pohled na problematiku form\u00e1t\u016f a metadat. <!--more--><\/p>\n<h4>Form\u00e1ty soubor\u016f<\/h4>\n<p>D\u00edky form\u00e1tu jsou programy schopn\u00e9 interpretovat data v souboru a spr\u00e1vn\u011b je zobrazit. Ur\u010dit\u011b se v\u00e1m ji\u017e n\u011bkdy stalo, \u017ee jste otev\u0159eli n\u011bjak\u00fd \u201cciz\u00ed\u201d form\u00e1t nap\u0159. v MS Word a vid\u011bli jste pouze zm\u011b\u0165 znak\u016f bez jak\u00e9hokoliv smyslu a \u0159\u00e1du. Dan\u00fd program si prost\u011b s datov\u00fdm tokem (data streamem) nev\u011bd\u011bl rady a nebyl schopn\u00fd ho spr\u00e1v\u011b interpretovat. <\/p>\n<p>Dnes nen\u00ed ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f probl\u00e9m naj\u00edt vhodn\u00fd program na soubor, kter\u00fd pot\u0159ebujete otev\u0159\u00edt. Windows maj\u00ed v z\u00e1kladu programy, kter\u00e9 si porad\u00ed s nej\u010dast\u011bji pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdmi form\u00e1ty, nav\u00edc dal\u0161\u00ed programy jsou obecn\u011b zn\u00e1m\u00e9 a jejich sta\u017een\u00ed z internetu je ot\u00e1zkou okam\u017eiku. <\/p>\n<p>Pokud naraz\u00edte na nezn\u00e1m\u00fd form\u00e1t, kter\u00fd nen\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd aktu\u00e1ln\u011b nainstalovan\u00fd software schopn\u00fd zpracovat, nen\u00ed nic jednodu\u0161\u0161\u00edho, ne\u017e zadat p\u0159\u00edponu form\u00e1tu do internetov\u00e9ho vyhled\u00e1va\u010de a odpov\u011b\u010f m\u00e1te za p\u00e1r vte\u0159in. V\u011bt\u0161inou i s doporu\u010den\u00edm, v \u010dem lze soubor otev\u0159\u00edt (webov\u00e9 datab\u00e1ze souborov\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpon m\u016f\u017eete naj\u00edt nap\u0159. na <a href=\"http:\/\/www.filesuffix.com\/cs\/\" title=\"http:\/\/www.filesuffix.com\/cs\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">http:\/\/www.filesuffix.com\/cs\/<\/a> nebo <a href=\"http:\/\/filext.com\/\" title=\"http:\/\/filext.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">http:\/\/filext.com\/<\/a>). <\/p>\n<p>Ale v oblasti LTP se pohybujeme v jin\u00e9m \u010dasov\u00e9m horizontu a na jin\u00fdch \u00farovn\u00edch &#8211; pokud nejsme schopni na na\u0161em po\u010d\u00edta\u010di otev\u0159\u00edt a zobrazit n\u011bkter\u00e9 soubory, proto\u017ee nezn\u00e1me jejich form\u00e1t, je to pro n\u00e1s v podstat\u011b jen men\u0161\u00ed nep\u0159\u00edjemnost. <\/p>\n<p>Pokud ale nebudeme v budoucnu schopni otev\u0159\u00edt soubory z na\u0161eho repozit\u00e1\u0159e, proto\u017ee jsou v nezn\u00e1m\u00e9m form\u00e1tu, bude to u\u017e po\u0159\u00e1dn\u00fd probl\u00e9m. Mohlo by doj\u00edt k faktick\u00e9 ztr\u00e1t\u011b ulo\u017een\u00fdch informac\u00ed, i kdy\u017e m\u00e9dia a data budou naprosto v po\u0159\u00e1dku. <\/p>\n<p>Nej\u010dern\u011bj\u0161\u00ed sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159 (pokud by se nepoda\u0159ilo soubory otev\u0159\u00edt) m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st a\u017e ke ztr\u00e1t\u011b v\u00fdznamn\u00e9ho kulturn\u00edho d\u00edla (pokud u\u017e nebude origin\u00e1l existovat) a p\u0159ijde vnive\u010d snaha mnoha lid\u00ed, nemluv\u011b o promrhan\u00fdch financ\u00edch za n\u011bkolik (des\u00edtek) let. Proto je oblast, kter\u00e1 se zab\u00fdv\u00e1 form\u00e1ty, velmi d\u016fle\u017eitou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed problematiky okolo LTP.<\/p>\n<p>Jak jsme si ji\u017e \u0159ekli v prvn\u00edm d\u00edle na\u0161eho seri\u00e1lu, form\u00e1ty vhodn\u00e9 pro dlouhodobou ochranu jsou p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm ty, kter\u00e9 jsou otev\u0159en\u00e9, dob\u0159e zmapovan\u00e9 a maj\u00ed \u0161irokou podporu ze strany v\u00fdrobc\u016f softwaru &#8211; tj. existuje v\u00edce program\u016f od r\u016fzn\u00fdch v\u00fdrobc\u016f, kter\u00e9 jsou schopn\u00e9 soubory otev\u0159\u00edt a zobrazit. <\/p>\n<p>P\u0159i v\u00fdb\u011bru vhodn\u00fdch form\u00e1t\u016f pro LTP je nejvhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed dr\u017eet se doporu\u010den\u00ed komunity s ohledem na dobrou praxi a obecn\u011b p\u0159ij\u00edman\u00e9 standardy.<\/p>\n<p>N\u011bkter\u00e1 krit\u00e9ria v\u00fdb\u011bru vhodn\u00fdch form\u00e1t\u016f:<br \/>\nzdroj: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.digitalpreservation.gov\/formats\/intro\/format_eval_rel.shtml\" title=\"http:\/\/www.digitalpreservation.gov\/formats\/intro\/format_eval_rel.shtml\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">http:\/\/www.digitalpreservation.gov\/formats\/intro\/format_eval_rel.shtml<br \/>\n<\/a><\/p>\n<li><strong>udr\u017eitelnost<\/strong> &#8211; jak snadn\u00e9 bude mo\u017en\u00e9 form\u00e1t v budoucnu otev\u0159\u00edt a zobrazit\n<ul>\n<li><strong>otev\u0159enost form\u00e1tu<\/strong> &#8211; jak moc jsou jeho specifikace dostupn\u00e9 pro ve\u0159ejnost. Jedn\u00e1 o zav\u0159en\u00fd form\u00e1t bez zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00e9 specifikace? Nebo naopak je dokumentace voln\u011b dostupn\u00e1?<\/li>\n<li><strong>roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159enost<\/strong> &#8211; kolik tv\u016frc\u016f a u\u017eivatel\u016f dat form\u00e1t pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1? Jde o b\u011b\u017en\u011b roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00fd kancel\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd form\u00e1t, nebo je omezen jen na jeden specifick\u00fd hardware nebo software?<\/li>\n<li><strong>transparentnost<\/strong> &#8211; do jak\u00e9 m\u00edry je mo\u017en\u00e9 analyzovat digit\u00e1ln\u00ed reprezentaci z\u00e1kladn\u00edmi n\u00e1stroji (nap\u0159. lidsk\u00fdm okem za pomoc\u00ed textov\u00e9ho editoru). Transparentnost je omezena k\u00f3dov\u00e1n\u00edm a kompres\u00ed.<br \/>\nsebedokumentace &#8211; sebedokumentuj\u00edc\u00ed se digit\u00e1ln\u00ed objekt obsahuje deskriptivn\u00ed, technick\u00e1, administrativn\u00ed a dal\u0161\u00ed metadata. <\/li>\n<li><strong>extern\u00ed z\u00e1vislost<\/strong> &#8211; z\u00e1vislost form\u00e1tu na specifick\u00e9m hardwaru, opera\u010dn\u00edm syst\u00e9mu, nebo reprezenta\u010dn\u00edm softwaru. P\u0159\u00edli\u0161n\u00e1 z\u00e1vislost m\u016f\u017ee v budoucnu zp\u016fsobit probl\u00e9my.<\/li>\n<li><strong>patentov\u00e1 z\u00e1vislost<\/strong> &#8211; pokud n\u011bkdo vlastn\u00ed patent na form\u00e1t, m\u016f\u017ee v budoucnu svoje pr\u00e1vo uplatnit a pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed form\u00e1t bude omezeno. <\/li>\n<li><strong>ochrann\u00e9 mechanismy<\/strong> &#8211; m\u00e1 form\u00e1t n\u011bjak\u00e9 k\u00f3dov\u00e1n\u00ed? K\u00f3dov\u00e1n\u00ed je dal\u0161\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e1 p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eka v budouc\u00edch kroc\u00edch dlouhodob\u00e9 ochrany.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<li><strong>kvalita a funkcionalita<\/strong> &#8211; schopnost form\u00e1tu podporovat v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 vlastnosti (significant properties &#8211; viz minul\u00fd d\u00edl na\u0161eho seri\u00e1lu). U obr\u00e1zk\u016f to je nap\u0159. podpora vysok\u00e9ho rozli\u0161en\u00ed, barev, grafick\u00fdch efekt\u016f nebo typografie. U textov\u00fdch form\u00e1t\u016f to m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt schopnost udr\u017eet rozvr\u017een\u00fd dokumentu, podpora font\u016f nebo matematick\u00fdch vzorc\u016f. <\/li>\n<p>&nbsp;<br \/>\nVzhledem k tomu, \u017ee ne\u017eijeme v ide\u00e1ln\u00edm sv\u011bt\u011b, ka\u017ed\u00fd form\u00e1t spl\u0148uje v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00e9 vlastnosti jenom z \u010d\u00e1sti. Je na uv\u00e1\u017een\u00ed repozit\u00e1\u0159e, aby na z\u00e1klad\u011b sv\u00e9ho uv\u00e1\u017een\u00ed vybral vhodn\u00e9 form\u00e1ty.<\/p>\n<p>V knihovn\u00edch digit\u00e1ln\u00edch repozit\u00e1\u0159\u00edch se v\u011bt\u0161inou m\u016f\u017eeme setkat s relativn\u011b omezen\u00fdm po\u010dtem typ\u016f dat (oproti n\u011bkter\u00fdm jin\u00fdm repozit\u00e1\u0159\u016fm, kter\u00e9 p\u0159ij\u00edmaj\u00ed nap\u0159. nejr\u016fzn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u011bd\u011bck\u00e1 data, multimedi\u00e1ln\u00ed form\u00e1ty, nebo se zam\u011b\u0159uj\u00ed na uchov\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed softwaru), proto si nyn\u00ed p\u0159edstav\u00edme nejvhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed form\u00e1ty pro jejich uchov\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed. Vych\u00e1z\u00edme p\u0159i tom z ust\u00e1len\u00e9 praxe v pam\u011b\u0165ov\u00fdch instituc\u00edch a tak\u00e9 z n\u00e1vrhu Library of Congress (LoC) (dostupn\u00fd zde: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.loc.gov\/preservation\/resources\/rfs\/TOC.html\" title=\"http:\/\/www.loc.gov\/preservation\/resources\/rfs\/TOC.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">http:\/\/www.loc.gov\/preservation\/resources\/rfs\/TOC.html<\/a>). <\/p>\n<h6>Textov\u00e1 digit\u00e1ln\u00ed d\u00edla:<\/h6>\n<p>Preferovan\u00e9 form\u00e1ty se\u0159azen\u00e9 dle vhodnosti od nejlep\u0161\u00edho:<br \/>\n1. PDF\/A<br \/>\n2. PDF (v nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 kvalit\u011b, bezztr\u00e1tov\u00e9 kompresi, s obr\u00e1zky ve vysok\u00e9m rozli\u0161en\u00ed)<br \/>\n3. Rich Text Format (RTF)<br \/>\n4. Otev\u0159en\u00e9 form\u00e1ty (nap\u0159. *.odt)<br \/>\n5. Plain text (\u010dist\u00fd text *.txt)<br \/>\n6. \u0160iroce roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e9 propriet\u00e1rn\u00ed form\u00e1ty (nap\u0159. MS Word *.doc)<\/p>\n<h6>Digit\u00e1ln\u00ed obr\u00e1zky (rastrovan\u00e1 grafika, skeny knih, map):<\/h6>\n<p>Preferovan\u00e9 form\u00e1ty se\u0159azen\u00e9 dle vhodnosti od nejlep\u0161\u00edho:<br \/>\n1. TIFF (bez komprese)<br \/>\n2. JPEG2000 (bezztr\u00e1tov\u00fd (*.jp2))<br \/>\n3. PNG (*.png)<br \/>\n4. JPEG\/JFIF (*.jpg)<br \/>\n5. Digital Negative DNG (*.dng)<br \/>\n6. JPEG2000 (ztr\u00e1tov\u00fd (*.jp2))<br \/>\n7. TIFF (s kompres\u00ed)<br \/>\n8. BMP (*.bmp)<br \/>\n9. GIF (*.gif)<\/p>\n<h6>Audio (hudba, audioknihy, nahr\u00e1vky):<\/h6>\n<p>Preferovan\u00e9 form\u00e1ty se\u0159azen\u00e9 dle vhodnosti od nejlep\u0161\u00edho:<br \/>\n1. obecn\u011b bezztr\u00e1tov\u00e9 nekomprimovan\u00e9 form\u00e1ty &#8211; N\u00e1rodn\u00ed archiv Austr\u00e1lie doporu\u010duje FLAC, Moravsk\u00e1 zemsk\u00e1 knihovna se rozhodla ukl\u00e1dat zdigitalizovan\u00e9 gramodesky do form\u00e1tu WAVE. <\/p>\n<p>V\u017edy je na repozit\u00e1\u0159i, jakou form\u00e1tovou politiku zvol\u00ed &#8211; je mo\u017en\u00e9 striktn\u00ed nastaven\u00ed s t\u00edm, \u017ee nebudou p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1ny jin\u00e9, ne\u017e vybran\u00e9 form\u00e1ty. V takov\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b je vhodn\u00e9, aby ve spolupr\u00e1ci s dodavateli a u\u017eivateli dat byly stanoveny nejvhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed form\u00e1ty. Repozit\u00e1\u0159 by tak\u00e9 m\u011bl dodavatel\u016fm dat pomoci, aby pro n\u011b bylo co nejjednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed dod\u00e1vat data ve specifikovan\u00fdch form\u00e1tech (nap\u0159. jim doporu\u010d\u00ed vhodn\u011b softwarov\u00e9 n\u00e1stroje na ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed dat ve vhodn\u00fdch form\u00e1tech).<\/p>\n<p>Jinou variantou je, \u017ee repozit\u00e1\u0159 bude p\u0159ij\u00edmat data ve v\u0161ech form\u00e1tech (klidn\u011b i v nezn\u00e1m\u00fdch, nebo exotick\u00fdch), ale i p\u0159i nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed snaze nebude schopn\u00fd zaru\u010dit dlouhodobou ochranu n\u011bkter\u00fdch nevhodn\u00fdch form\u00e1t\u016f. Dodavatel\u00e9 dat pak mus\u00ed bu\u010f form\u00e1ty zm\u011bnit, nebo toto riziko p\u0159ijmout. <\/p>\n<p>V re\u00e1ln\u00e9m provozu repozit\u00e1\u0159e je mo\u017en\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edt pro pr\u00e1ci s form\u00e1ty n\u011bkolika n\u00e1stroj\u016f, kter\u00e9 v\u00fdrazn\u011b pom\u00e1haj\u00ed s identifikac\u00ed, validac\u00ed a v n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech i extrakc\u00ed metadat ze soubor\u016f.<br \/>\nJejich seznam m\u016f\u017eete nal\u00e9zt na na\u0161em webu v sekci <a href=\"http:\/\/ltp.knihovna.cz\/?page_id=49\" title=\"http:\/\/ltp.knihovna.cz\/?page_id=49\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u201cU\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9 odkazy\u201d<\/a>. <\/p>\n<h4>Metadata<\/h4>\n<p>Metadata se v knihovnictv\u00ed tradi\u010dn\u011b pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed pro podrobn\u00fd popis dokument\u016f a v\u00fdznamnou komponentu tvo\u0159\u00ed tak\u00e9 ve strategii dlouhodob\u00e9 ochrany. V t\u00e9to oblasti je v\u0161ak t\u0159eba proces pat\u0159i\u010dn\u011b modifikovat.  <\/p>\n<p>Existuj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 typy metadat, kter\u00e1 se rozli\u0161uj\u00ed na z\u00e1klad\u011b jejich funkce a z\u00e1m\u011bru. Lze je rozd\u011blit n\u00e1sledovn\u011b:<\/p>\n<li>popisn\u00e1 &#8211; poskytuj\u00ed popisn\u00e9 \u00fadaje o intelektu\u00e1ln\u00ed entit\u011b jako \u00fadaje o p\u016fvodu (autor, n\u00e1zev) a slou\u017e\u00ed pro vyhled\u00e1n\u00ed a zp\u0159\u00edstupn\u011bn\u00ed digit\u00e1ln\u00edho objektu. Mohou tak\u00e9 poskytovat \u00fadaje o origin\u00e1ln\u00edm (ti\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9m) objektu \u010di identifik\u00e1tory. Jako p\u0159\u00edklady popisn\u00fdch metadatov\u00fdch standard\u016f uve\u010fme MARC21, Dublin Core, MODS, VRA Core nebo EAD (Encoded Archival Description). <\/li>\n<li>struktur\u00e1ln\u00ed &#8211; zachycuj\u00ed vztahy mezi d\u00edl\u010d\u00edmi digit\u00e1ln\u00edmi objekty a jak dohromady tvo\u0159\u00ed jednu intelektu\u00e1ln\u00ed entitu. Nap\u0159\u00edklad kde na webov\u00e9 str\u00e1nce se nach\u00e1z\u00ed obr\u00e1zek (fyzick\u00e1 struktura) nebo jak jdou str\u00e1nky a kapitoly v knize za sebou (logick\u00e1 struktura).<\/li>\n<li>technick\u00e1 &#8211; poskytuj\u00ed \u00fadaje o po\u010dtu soubor\u016f a jejich velikosti, o form\u00e1tech soubor\u016f a jejich dal\u0161\u00edch vlastnostech (rozli\u0161en\u00ed obr\u00e1zku, d\u00e9lka audio souboru), up\u0159es\u0148uj\u00ed \u00fadaje o hardwaru a softwaru, na nich\u017e mohou b\u00fdt digit\u00e1ln\u00ed objekty spu\u0161t\u011bny. U technick\u00fdch metadat se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed sch\u00e9mata, jako jsou textMD (nebo audioMD, videoMD), MIX (Metadata for Images in XML Schema) \u010di ANSI\/NISO Z39.87-2006. <\/li>\n<li>administrativn\u00ed &#8211; obsahuj\u00ed informace o vzniku entity a o zodpov\u011bdn\u00e9 osob\u011b za jej\u00ed spr\u00e1vu, informace o ochrann\u00fdch \u010dinnostech proveden\u00fdch na entit\u011b, o pr\u00e1vech k p\u0159\u00edstupu k entit\u011b a pr\u00e1vech vztahuj\u00edc\u00ed se k ochrann\u00fdm opat\u0159en\u00edm. Administrativn\u00ed metadata jsou ch\u00e1p\u00e1na jako ochrann\u00e1 metadata, nebo\u0165 zb\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed t\u0159i typy nejsou typick\u00e9 pro LTP, by\u0165 jsou pro n\u011bj esenci\u00e1ln\u00ed.<\/li>\n<p>&nbsp;<br \/>\nJednotliv\u00e9 typy metadat jsou vkl\u00e1d\u00e1na do kontejner\u016f. Pro tuto pot\u0159ebu vznikl standard METS (Metadata Encoding and Transmission Standard), co\u017e je XML sch\u00e9ma propojuj\u00edc\u00ed popisn\u00e1, struktur\u00e1ln\u00ed, technick\u00e1 a administrativn\u00ed metadata do jednoho kontejneru. Obsahuje t\u00e9\u017e souborov\u00fd invent\u00e1\u0159 (soubory tvo\u0159\u00edc\u00ed digit\u00e1ln\u00ed objekt). Standard METS je \u0161iroce roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00fd a pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fd \u0159adou sv\u011btov\u00fdch n\u00e1rodn\u00edch knihoven.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00fdznamn\u00fdm standardem pro ochrann\u00e1 metadata se stal PREMIS (PREservation Metadata: Implementation Strategies). Obsahuje datov\u00fd model s p\u011bti prvky: intelektu\u00e1ln\u00ed entita (tj. spravovan\u00fd intelektu\u00e1ln\u00ed obsah, nap\u0159. kniha), objekt (informa\u010dn\u00ed jednotka, se kterou pracuje koncov\u00fd u\u017eivatel), ud\u00e1lost (aktivita vztahuj\u00edc\u00ed se na objekt nebo na \u010dinitele), \u010dinitel (osoba, organizace \u010di software) a du\u0161evn\u00ed pr\u00e1va. D\u00e1le obsahuje datov\u00fd slovn\u00edk definuj\u00edc\u00ed s\u00e9mantick\u00e9 jednotky, kter\u00e9 popisuj\u00ed entity z datov\u00e9ho modelu. PREMIS podporuje r\u016fzn\u00e9 mo\u017enosti zav\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed metadat, nesoust\u0159ed\u00ed se na \u017e\u00e1dnou konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed technologii, architekturu nebo strategii.<\/p>\n<p>P\u0159i tvorb\u011b metadat je t\u0159eba si up\u0159esnit, jak\u00e1 metadata pot\u0159ebujeme a kde je vezmeme, jak\u00fd maj\u00ed vztah na digit\u00e1ln\u00ed objekty, repozit\u00e1\u0159 a na pou\u017eitou strategii dlouhodob\u00e9 ochrany (migrace, emulace, \u2026), jak\u00e9 jsou funkce pou\u017eit\u00e9ho LTP syst\u00e9mu, jak\u00e9 jsou vztahy mezi digit\u00e1ln\u00edmi objekty \u010di jak\u00e9 entity popisujeme.<\/p>\n<h4>Pou\u017eit\u00e9 zdroje<\/h4>\n<p>(kam se tak\u00e9 m\u016f\u017eete pod\u00edvat pro v\u00edce informac\u00ed)<\/p>\n<p><strong>K form\u00e1t\u016fm:<\/strong><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.digitalpreservation.gov\/formats\/intro\/format_eval_rel.shtml\" title=\"http:\/\/www.digitalpreservation.gov\/formats\/intro\/format_eval_rel.shtml\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">http:\/\/www.digitalpreservation.gov\/formats\/intro\/format_eval_rel.shtml<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.filesuffix.com\/cs\/\" title=\"http:\/\/www.filesuffix.com\/cs\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">http:\/\/www.filesuffix.com\/cs\/<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/filext.com\/\" title=\"http:\/\/filext.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">http:\/\/filext.com\/<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.loc.gov\/preservation\/resources\/rfs\/TOC.html\" title=\"http:\/\/www.loc.gov\/preservation\/resources\/rfs\/TOC.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">http:\/\/www.loc.gov\/preservation\/resources\/rfs\/TOC.html<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/openpreservation.org\/technology\/products\/\" title=\"http:\/\/openpreservation.org\/technology\/products\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">http:\/\/openpreservation.org\/technology\/products\/<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/openpreservation.org\/technology\/products\/jpylyzer\/\" title=\"http:\/\/openpreservation.org\/technology\/products\/jpylyzer\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">http:\/\/openpreservation.org\/technology\/products\/jpylyzer\/<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/openpreservation.org\/technology\/products\/jhove\/\" title=\"http:\/\/openpreservation.org\/technology\/products\/jhove\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">http:\/\/openpreservation.org\/technology\/products\/jhove\/<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/openpreservation.org\/technology\/products\/fido\/\" title=\"http:\/\/openpreservation.org\/technology\/products\/fido\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">http:\/\/openpreservation.org\/technology\/products\/fido\/<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/fileformats.archiveteam.org\/\" title=\"http:\/\/fileformats.archiveteam.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">http:\/\/fileformats.archiveteam.org\/<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.loc.gov\/standards\/premis\/FE_Dappert_Enders_MetadataStds_isqv22no2.pdf\" title=\"http:\/\/www.loc.gov\/standards\/premis\/FE_Dappert_Enders_MetadataStds_isqv22no2.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">http:\/\/www.loc.gov\/standards\/premis\/FE_Dappert_Enders_MetadataStds_isqv22no2.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>K metadat\u016fm:<\/strong><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.planets-project.eu\/docs\/presentations\/Dappert_PreservationMetadata.pdf\" title=\"http:\/\/www.planets-project.eu\/docs\/presentations\/Dappert_PreservationMetadata.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">http:\/\/www.planets-project.eu\/docs\/presentations\/Dappert_PreservationMetadata.pdf<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.loc.gov\/standards\/premis\/\" title=\"http:\/\/www.loc.gov\/standards\/premis\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">http:\/\/www.loc.gov\/standards\/premis\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p>CUBR, Ladislav. <em>Dlouhodob\u00e1 ochrana digit\u00e1ln\u00edch dokument\u016f<\/em>. 1. vyd. Praha: N\u00e1rodn\u00ed knihovna \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky, 2010, 154 s. ISBN 9788070505885. <\/p>\n<p>HUTA\u0158, Jan a Marek MELICHAR. <em>Anal\u00fdza dostupn\u00fdch technologi\u00ed a srovn\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1rodn\u00edch strategi\u00ed v oblasti dlouhodob\u00e9 archivace digit\u00e1ln\u00edch dokument\u016f<\/em>. Praha, Brno, Wellington, 2013.<\/p>\n<p>LAVOIE, Brian a Richard GARTNER. <em>Preservation Metadata (2nd edition)<\/em>. Digital Preservation Coalition 2013. Dostupn\u00e9 z: <a href=\"http:\/\/goo.gl\/oJXhcq\" title=\"http:\/\/goo.gl\/oJXhcq\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">http:\/\/goo.gl\/oJXhcq<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/3.0\/cz\/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http:\/\/ltp.knihovna.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/11178542_1594750880766099_1740805861_n-1-300x105.jpg\" alt=\"CC_licence\" width=\"161\" height=\"56\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-264\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ltp.knihovna.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/11178542_1594750880766099_1740805861_n-1-300x105.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ltp.knihovna.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/11178542_1594750880766099_1740805861_n-1.jpg 403w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 161px) 100vw, 161px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Jan Hrabal, Zden\u011bk Hru\u0161ka \u010cl\u00e1nek v PDF Zat\u00edmco v prvn\u00edm d\u00edle na\u0161eho seri\u00e1lu jsme se v\u011bnovali d\u016fle\u017eitosti dlouhodob\u00e9 ochrany digit\u00e1ln\u00edch dokument\u016f, zm\u00ednili jsme st\u011b\u017eejn\u00ed dokument oboru (referen\u010dn\u00ed model OAIS) a nast\u00ednili vhodn\u00e1 \u00falo\u017en\u00e1 m\u00e9dia a strategie dlouhodob\u00e9 ochrany, dnes n\u00e1s \u010dek\u00e1 podrobn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pohled na problematiku form\u00e1t\u016f a metadat.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7,4],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ltp.knihovna.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/249"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ltp.knihovna.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ltp.knihovna.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ltp.knihovna.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ltp.knihovna.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=249"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/ltp.knihovna.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/249\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ltp.knihovna.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=249"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ltp.knihovna.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=249"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ltp.knihovna.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=249"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}